Essay on Aztec and Inca Religious Zeal - 1726 Words

Aztec and Inca Religious Zeal The Aztec and Inca peoples lived in militaristic and expansionist societies whose ideals were fueled by their religious convictions. Expansionism was necessary for both societies to support their religious beliefs. The religious zeal of these two civilizations became something that the leaders of the empires could not control. These empires were built through ideologically driven conquests, which became the cornerstones of their societies and something beyond the control of the rulers. Every imperialistic nation has a motive for expansion. Military, materialism, and missionary are three of the biggest motives foe expansion that imperialistic countries use to expand their borders. Conquests†¦show more content†¦This required the Mexicas’ to go out and make war with their neighbors and then ruthlessly take prisoners of war for later sacrifice. It was believed that the strength from the sacrificed captives’ souls would strengthen the sun in its ongoing battl e with the forces of darkness (Conrad, 38). This need for the sun to constantly be appeased set the Mexica people out on divine missions for sacrificial bodies that took the form of imperial conquests. Mexica rulers flooded their lands with propaganda that promoted their imperialistic religion. Most of the Aztec’s art and literature was made up of this propaganda, which created this religious fervor among the people that grew beyond the control of the ruling elites. â€Å"Oral literature, monumental art, written codices, and public and private ceremonies instilled and continually reinforced belief in the divine struggle and the unceasing need for sacrificial victims† (Conrad, 51). Furthermore, religious zeal was strengthened by the guarantee that immortality would be granted to warriors who died in the divine quest and increased social standing awaited those who faired well in wars (Conrad, 52). The Aztec empire was conquering new lands but not staying to govern them. â€Å"Moctezuma II inherited not only a tradition of glorious military achievement but also its product: a far-flung, loosely organized, and totally unstable imperial hegemony† (Conrad, 60). Moctezuma II recognized this problem withShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Fall of the Aztec and Inca Empires1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fall of the Aztec and Inca Empires In this essay I will tell how the Aztec and Inca empires ended, and also I will compare the fall of both empires, using for a point of departure the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the land of Mexico. Wherever the Spanish went always the same thing happened, from my point of view. Innocent people were killed for no good reason, cities were massacred, civilizations were destroyed or forced to convert to Christianity. And so, I think now is theRead More Columbus and the New World Discovery Essay4487 Words   |  18 PagesIn a book especially produced for the fair, the historian Meyer Kayserling summed up the prevailing assessment of Columbus: In the just appreciation of his great services to mankind, all political, religious and social differences have vanished. How things changed in a century! Political, religious, and social differences, far from vanishing, place Columbus today in the center of a world-wide cultural civil war. The great hero of the nineteenth century seems well on the way to becoming the greatRead MoreEurope and the New World: New Encounters4462 Words   |  18 Pagesof the Mongol Empire reduced Western traffic to the East âž ¢ A number of people became interested in reaching Asia by sea âž ¢ Merchants, adventurers, and government officials had high hopes of finding precious metals and new areas of trade Religious zeal ⠝â€" A crusading mentality was strong in Portugal and Spain The Mean ⠝â€" The expansion of Europe was connected to the growth of centralized monarchies during the Ren. âž ¢ Ren. Expansion was a state enterprise âž ¢ By the 2nd  ½ of the 15th centuryRead MoreIntegration of Spanish Empire2531 Words   |  11 Pagesestablished a capital at Manila, a location that offered the outstanding harbor of Manila Bay, a large population, and closeness to the sufficient food supplies of the central Luzon rice lands. Manila became the center of Spanish civil, military, religious, and commercial activity in  the islands. By 1571, when Là ³pez de Legaspi established the Spanish city of Manila on the site of a Moro town he had conquered the year before, the Spanish grip  in the Philippines  was secure which became their outpost

Sci/241 Supplements Free Essays

Dietary Supplements Ashley Kaiser SCI/241 October 14, 2012 Diane Peffer Dietary Supplements Just like anything there are good things and bad things that can come along with it. Our bodies need certain things such as nutrients, water and even certain minerals to survive and be healthy. Although many times we lack getting the correct amounts so there are things that are made to help make sure we get the amount needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Sci/241 Supplements or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of these things that are made for us to help in our daily diet is dietary supplements. Many people think of dietary supplements as containing just one type of thing such as minerals, but in reality there are different dietary supplements that are meant for different things. A dietary supplement has a basic definition of dietary supplements are vitamins, minerals, herbs and other substances that are meant to better someone’s diet. A dietary supplement can come in many different shapes and sizes such as pills, powders, capsules and even liquids. Many of these dietary supplements can help a person’s health out greatly, such as a pregnant woman taking folic acid while help prevent some birth defects for their baby (MedlinePlus, 2012). When it comes to taking dietary supplements there are positive benefits for taking them. It is proven that if a person eats a well-balanced diet they should be able to get enough of the vitamins, minerals and such that they need, but If a person’s body is lacking taking a dietary supplement can make up for that. Dietary supplements are also used as a therapeutic measure toward certain health conditions or risk factors. One of the main supplements that are used to treat something is Iron; this is used to keep a person from getting anemia which is an iron deficiency (Perry, 2011). There are also risks that occur with using dietary supplements that range from different levels and even things. In the United States dietary supplements are not watched and regulated as strictly as drugs are. Although it is stated that they may not sell unsafe products there are many product out there being sold as dietary supplements and they are not. Some of these products are weight loss products, muscle building products, and even sexual enhancers. It can also be dangerous if a person is taking too much of a supplement, such as vitamin B6 which can cause nerve damage if taken in big doses for a long time. A person should also always check with their doctors before taking any dietary supplements because it can react to medication a person is on or some should be avoided before surgery’s (Perry, 2011). Although there are many different regulations out there for medications there are only certain ones for dietary supplements. Dietary supplements are not watched very closely and are not made to register with the FDA. They are still required to tell the FDA what adverse effects occur with dietary supplements such as injuries and illnesses, and they are also made to make sure that the labels are not misleading and the product is safe. The best way to know if a dietary supplement is safe is by purchasing it under something called the good manufactured practices program. This program has strict and detailed guidelines for making products meant for any consumption by a person (Marks, 2011). There are many different dietary supplements out there on the market meant to aid in certain ailments. One supplement is called Nature’s own travel well ginger, which is meant to help manage motion sickness. Many travelers or people period get motion sickness from different things such as driving to even seasickness. However, this medication does not help with nausea and vomiting it also helps with digestion, abdominal or intestinal cramping, and even maintaining healthy digestive function. The dosages for this supplement is to take one pill a half hour before traveling and every two hours after as needed, but do not exceed more than three per day. It states that there are nothing showing of negatives to treat this ailment but if the issue persists that the person should contact their doctor (My Health Warehouse, 2012). As it has been proven there are plenty of positives about dietary supplements but one still needs to be wary about them. It may be something that will or can help you to lose weight but remember that dietary supplements do not need to be watched over by the FDA. In the past people did not have any of these dietary supplements to aid in anything. Exercise and a good and healthy diet can make a big difference in a person (Marks, 2011). References Marks, S. (2011). Government Regulations for Dietary Supplements. Retrieved from http://www. livestrong. com/article/469833-government-regulations-for-dietary-supplements/ MedlinePlus. 2012). Dietary Supplements. Retrieved from http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/dietarysupplements. html My Health Warehouse. (2012). Nature’s Own Travel Well Ginger 1000 30 Tablets. Retrieved from http://myhealthwarehouse. com. au/health-condition/health-condition-general-wellbeing/nature-s-own-travel-well-ginger1000. html Perry, M. (2011). Dietary Supplements 101: Definition, Benefits, Risks, and Regulations. Retrieved from http://www. builtlean. com/2011/11/10/dietary-supplements/ How to cite Sci/241 Supplements, Papers

Strategic HR Planning and Presentation

Question: Describe about strategic HR planning for the ABC service agency? Answer: Introduction: Strategic planning for an organization appears to be the most essential tool of development that focuses on strengthening the operation. It is rather considered to be a fundamental decision of adjusting the organizational factors (Han et al. 2006). Strategic plan documents essential approaches which targets in managing the market orientation. In this current research work the researcher is going to focus on the specific strategical planning and development by focusing on the HR planning process of ABC service Agency. 1. Organizational Goal: The main objective of ABC Service Agency is to provide extensive service to its designated customers and clients and helps them out to fight with the difficult problems. The main goal of the organization is to assist the client organizations with skilled manpower. Allowing these organizations to run with their goals and to develop the ethical attributes, the approach of The ABC Service Agency is literally effective (Lawler, 2008; Caldwell, 2008). The goal of the organization is to target of managing ethics and providing the children a proper care. In order to keep the parents tension free the organization wants to provide the parents better people. Permanent and interim staffing process appears to be helpful for the organization. Within next five years The ABC Service Agency targets to attain the significant market orientation. Objectives: The ABC Service Agency has set some of the specific objectives which need to be fulfilled. The basic attributes of objectives are: To critically sketch the necessities of the customers and strategizing the best quality of service to be provided. To expand the marketing strategy that may bring more intensity to the financial aspects of the organization. To increase the total amount of profit within next five years. Vision: The vision is focused on letting more people to be employed and thereby helping the client organizations to use the workforce intrinsically. The vision is developed prosperously to be achieved within the next five years. Within next 10 years the organization visions at improving their service intensively and providing a superficial service to the customers. As the customers are seeking more sophisticated services for their children, the company, by providing quality oriented service to the customers, visions at attracting more fancy of the customers. Mission: The mission is to achieve the professional efficiency. The organization targets at situational and professional development which allows in engaging more efficiency. The mission of the organization is to expand its hemisphere which accosts in determining development. The target has been made fixed on the strategical development of the marketing hemisphere. 2. Strategic HR Planning for the ABC Service Agency: For HR management approach strategic planning appears to be one of the most sophisticated tool of HR management. Graham Tarbell (2006) have critically stated that it HR management is directly linked with strategic planning of the organization. The organizational approaches are fruitfully managed and ensure the organization for managing a proficient work force. Development in staffing and future direction of the organization appears to be helpful from the budgetary point of view. The service approach for the organization is literally helpful in order to manage the congenial factors. The purpose of HR planning is human resource and process development. The strategic planning manages the trendy impact on the human resource development. The flexibility in the areas of management is literally helpful. The HR management approach is literally helpful for managing the organizational ethics. Managing the current HR capacity for an organization is literally helpful that helps in managing the ethical approach. Fombrun et al. (2008) is of this view that basic requirements of HR ethics that are needed to be focused on the involvement of a staff within the organizational perimeter and to bridge the gaps within the HR principles. For ABC Service Agency the basic duty of HR management is to develop the strategic attributes. Managing the employees and the clients is the main motto of the HR department to be followed. In order to achieve the goal and missions of the organization, it appears to be helpful for managing the strategic goals of the organization. The main HR objective of ABC Service Agency is to let the current employees of the organization to be managed properly. The goals of the organization targets at managing more efficiency and indulging the HR attribute. Garavan et al. (2008) has critically pointed out that the main aim of the HR department is to handle both the clients and the employees of the organization. The approaches of organizational strategy are literally helpful for attaining more cohesion in the business attitude. 3. Gap Analysis: Within five years ABC Service Agency expects to reach to a significant point in consulting services. At the same time the organization also targets at attaining more financial benefit. In 2013, a report of Budhwar Debrah (2010) project, ABC Service Agency has acquired a net profit of $13 billion which in the coming five years targets at to reach $20 billion. But it is needless to be pointed out that it is really a huge ambition which the organization may not always be able to achieve. In order to recruit skilled personals the organizations generally prefers to hire people from ABC Service Agency. At the same time having huge placement offers being provided, ABC Service Agency is also becoming a favourite place for the job seekers as well (Bonache Fernandez, 2008; Colbert, 2010; Farndale Paauwe, 2010). In order to achieve the organizational goals, the approach of the organization is really essential. The organizations are having a specific development in their approaches. As providing of the highest quality of service is the mandatory for the organization it leads to attain an immense advocacy. The gap is the main attribute which appears to be helpful in order to develop the structural ethics. The main gap of the business is of having intense difference between the aims of the organization and the policies those are being taken. What is more, ABC Service Agency is short in managing the data and information of its clients. This is why, often it is seen the company barely is able to maintain its customers and its details. At the same time, mistakes are also natural in this case. 4. PESTEL Analysis: In order to identify the internal and external approaches of the management and to ensure a performance strategy, application of the tool like PESTEL is really helpful for the organizational development. The PESTEL analysis focuses on some of the specific attributes: political, economical, social, technical, environmental and legal. In the following section the researcher is going to focus on determining some of the specific approaches. Political Issues: Managing of the political issues for ABC Service Agency is literally necessary which helps in developing the strategical attributes. It is quite sure although that ABC Service Agency has to face different political problems (Ball, 2007; Wright, 2008; Geppart Williams, 2006). But it has a significant aspect of cultural development at the same time. Managing of the political attributes for ABC Service Agency stands to be really necessary that helps in avoiding the problems. Understanding of the environmental attributes is literally necessary form the organizational perspective. Economical Issues: In the past few years ABC Service Agency has literally grown up significantly which has added in managing the economical issues sophistically. In the past few years, it is seen that the organization has gone through an economical problem. The economic problems are becoming more severe for the organization to cope up with (Bechet, 2008). The company needs to be detrimental in their approaches for deploying more genuineness. Economical issue is becoming a real problem for organizational development. Social Issues: In these days the demand of caring of the children and adult is increasing in these days. As ABC Service Agency appears to be a more social organization its approaches are also sophisticated in nature (Becker, 2008; Batt, 2007; Bordia Blau, 2008). People become very attracted to the social issues. The social issues are very much intrusive that helps in developing the organizational ethos at the same time. Technological Issues: ABC Service Agency barely uses any upgraded technology. Digital database management system has not been installed so far which seems to have been creating problems. The technical issues are really congenial to their approaches. Therefore, application of the technical issues is becoming a problem for the organization. Environmental Issues: ABC Service Agency follows the environmental issues essentially which helps in developing the organizational ethics. It seems to be essentially helpful for the organization to manage the essential environment issues. Legal Issues: ABC Service Agency follows the legal attributes which seems to be helpful for the organization to manage the social and legal ethics. 5. SWOT Analysis: SWOT analysis is the tool which helps the organization to ascertain the external and internal market prospects of an organization. In the following section the researcher is going to shed light on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of ABC Service Agency. Strengths: For ABC Service Agency the main strength is the staffs that are committed to their work. As the staffs are quite committed to their approaches, customer satisfaction is the most congenial factor helps in development. As quality oriented services are provided customers become intrinsic in their approaches to cherish them (Weeks, 2010; Saunders Hunter, 2009). If any difficult problem appears before the organization while handling any problem, innovative approaches are literally undertaken. This can really be stated as one of the sophisticated strengths of the organization. Weaknesses: It is often said that proper monitoring is not conducted always which creates problems in the organizational development (Boxall Purcell, 2007; Black Gregersen, 2007; Bhatnagar Sharma, 2007). Lack of proper coordination between different departments creates troubles. Rare use of technology and poor database management system has also created problem. Having poor management system stands to be a direct problem for the organization (Christensen, 2006; Kearns, 2009). The employees are often seemed not to be affluent in their approaches for managing the organizational ethics which also stands to be a problem for the organization. Opportunities: Opportunities are the most specific factors which creates spaces for ABC Service Agency to be developed in the coming days. It seems that the demand of creating more opportunities in the market place is really essential for creating a strategical development of the market place (Florkowski Schuler, 2008; Fey Pavlovskaya, 2009; Ericksen Dyer, 2008). This helps in managing the organizational ethics. Increase in the viability of the organizational approach is literally helpful to attain the potentiality of the market place. Social recreational approaches are getting high in these days creation and in the coming days it is expected to be hiked in the coming days. With financial benefits it is expected that in the coming days ABC Service Agency will attain more financial benefit. With the increase of the consumer population, the company can expect to make growth (Doty, 2008; Budhwar, 2009; Budhwar Boyne, 2004). Threats: ABC Service Agency is literally suffering from funding approach. Financial drawback is the main threat for the organization. At the same time, staffing is a huge challenge for ABC Service Agency. In order to give good care to the clients, proper staffing is really necessary. At the same time, people of same status seem to seek for the same caring people who are barely available for the organization (Kenton Yarnall, 2010; Storey Salaman, 2009; Withers, Williamson, Reddington, 2010). On the other hand, the management is not so much bold in their approaches. People of disabilities always seek for intrinsic help which needs to be properly provided to the customers. Competition with the other organizations is becoming a challenge for ABC Service Agency to attain the market objectives. 6. HR Strategy and its Approach for Proposed HR Program: For ABC Service Agency some specific HR strategy is needed to be developed which needs to target at attaining the organizational benefits. In the following section the researcher is going to discus some of the strategies and its perpetual benefits. At the same time, how much the organization has to cost for this approach will also be discussed. Development of the Human Resource Information System (HRIS) for ABC Service Agency is really essential. It appears that the organization has to face severe problems only because of not maintaining the database properly. Once the organization becomes able to manage the data and information of the clients, it will really be fruitful for the development of the organizational ethics (Beckers. Bsat, 2009; Becker Gerhart, 2009). With application of proper information technology system client management will also be helpful for the organization. It can be developed from two different perspectives: first, keeping the data of the clients and second, managing the data of the applicants. On one hand, HRIS helps the organization to maintain a sophisticated communication with the market place and to ascertain the actual demand of the customers of the market place. The second strategy that ABC Service Agency can target to be fulfilled is the cost saving. As it is seen the company targets at acquiring $20 billion within 5 years, for achieving this target, the organization has to curtail up its cost. Smith (2007) can be pointed by saying that by curtailing down of the cost only does not let the company feel benefitted, it at the same time ascertains less expend from the customers end as well. Application of the cost saving is literally a significant approach which paves way for savings. Rothwell Kazanas (2004) has critically stated that with more savings the company can use it for serving the customers in a better way. It seems to be a natural approach which helps in achieving the organizational ethos at the same time. In some of the cases it is seen that ABC Service Agency fails to take proper decisions. Management is not always sophisticated to understand the actual demand of the market place which fails them to serve the market place properly. If the management can understand the proper demand of the market place a proper decision to control the market can be taken. If ABC Service Agency is able to take proper decisions for the market place, it will also be able to control and achieve the competitive advantages of the market place. It also enables the organization to understand what types of employees are needed to be hired. Finally, time saving is the approach that ABC Service Agency is needed to be implemented specifically. If the clients can be served with their demands essentially within a short time span it is able to make them feel happy. This also results the clients to be faithful towards the organization. Adamik (2008) mentions once a client gets benefitted from a product or service it let the other acquaintances to be attracted as well. This also appears to be beneficial for the market development. The aforesaid strategies are essentially needed to be successfully attempted to be fulfilled which ascertains the organizational development. 7. Cost and Benefit Analysis: In this section of the research work the researcher is going to narrate the cost and benefits analysis for this research study. Option 1 (HRIS development) Option 2 (Cost Saving) Option 3 (Decision Making) Option 4 (Time Saving) Appraisal period (years) 5 5 5 5 Capital Costs $0 $2,000,000 $30,000,000 $30,000,000 Whole of Life Costs $3,000,000 $5,000,000 $33,000,000 $33,000,000 Cost-benefit analysis of monetary costs and benefits at the Public Sector Discount Rate Present Value of Benefits $2,402,119 $3,122,754 $15,708,243 $18,069,055 Present Value of Costs $2,402,119 $4,402,119 $32,031,748 $32,031,748 Benefit Cost Ratio 1.00 0.71 0.49 0.56 Net Present Value $0 -$1,279,364 -$16,323,505 -$13,962,694 Multi-Criteria Analysis ranking of intangible costs and benefits (if any) Criteria 1 1.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 Criteria 2 1.25 2.25 1.50 Criteria 3 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.20 Criteria 4 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.80 Weighted Score 3.8 6.0 4.2 6.0 Table 1: Cost Benefit Analysis For HRIS Development it projects that if the organization spends a specific amount it seems to get more benefits. It is expected that with the application of HRIS may seem to be successful. With cost saving approach the organization can gain more sophistication. With the application of the proper decision making process it is expected that ABC Service Agency can gain more benefits of the market place. Finally the time saving approach also casts a detrimental effect to appease the necessities of the customers and can let them attracted to visit the company ()refer to appendix). 8. Stakeholder Approach: For ABC Service Agency the basic stakeholders are the customers and the employees who stand responsible of organizing. The stakeholders for ABC Service Agency are managed sophistically. Disabled persons and children who are completely or partially dependent on the others help, ABC Service Agency is committed to extend their complete support to those people. Rather, employees are also significantly managed as well which adds more intensity in the working structure. Black Gregersen (2007) have stated that all the employees of ABC Service Agency is seriously committed to their work. In order to render good services to those clients they are intrinsically trained and directed. The necessities of the customers are intrinsically managed. On the other hand, as to run the organization, financial flow is the most necessary attribute. ABC Service Agency seems to patronize the shareholders and investors who maintain the finance flow in the organization. In order to attain the faith of the targ eted group, the stakeholder management is the chief attribute managed by the organization. 9. Conclusion: Throughout this research work the researcher mentions the HR policies and the HR activities that ABC Service Agency needs to attain. The researcher has stated all these attributes with an intense prodigality which accosts in managing the organizational strategies as well. Reference List: Books Adamik, J. (2008). Developing a strategic benefits program. Scottsdale: WorldatWork Press. Bechet, T. (2008). Strategic staffing. New York: American Management Association. Christensen, R. (2006). Roadmap to strategic HR. New York: American Management Association. Kearns, P. (2009). HR strategy. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Kenton, B., Yarnall, J. (2010). HR, the business partner. Oxford, U.K.: Butterworth-Heinemann. Rothwell, W., Kazanas, H. (2004). Improving on-the-job training. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Saunders, J., Hunter, I. (2009). Service led design. Farnham, England: Gower. Smith, D. (2007). Strategic outsourcing. Scottsdale, AZ: WorldatWork. Storey, J., Salaman, G. (2009). Managerial dilemmas. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons. Weeks, S. (2010). HR manager's guide to project management. Toronto: Carswell. Withers, M., Williamson, M., Reddington, M. (2010). Transforming HR. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Journals: Ball, K. S. (2007). The Use of Human Resource Information Systems: a Survey. Personnel Review, 30(6), 667-693 Batt, R. (2007) Managing Customer Services: Human Resource Practices, Quit Rates, and Sales Growth, Academy of Management Journal, 45, 3, 587 597. Becker, B. Gerhart, B. (2009) The Impact of Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance: Progress and Prospect, Academy of Management Journal, 39, 4, 779801. Becker, B.E. (2008) Methodological Issues in Cross-sectional and Panel Estimates of the Human Resource-Firm Performance Link, Industrial Relations, 35, 3, 400 422. Beckers, A. M. Bsat, M. Z. (2009) A DSS classification model for research in human resource information systems, Information Systems Management, 19(3), 4150. Bhatnagar, J. Sharma, A. (2007) The Indian Perspective of Strategic HR Roles and Organizational Learning Capability, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 9, 1711 1739 Black, J.S. Gregersen, H.B. (2007) High impact training: forging leaders for the global frontier. Human Resource Management, 39(23), 173184. Bonache, J. Fernandez, Z. (2008) Expatriate Compensation and its Link to the Subsidiary Strategic Role: A Theoretical Analysis. International Journal of HRM, 8(4), 457-475. Bordia, P., Blau, G. (2008) Pay Referent Comparison and Pay Level Satisfaction in Private versus Public Sector Organizations in India, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 9, 1, 155 167 Boxall, P. Purcell, J. (2007) Strategic human resource management: where have we come from and where should we be going?, International Journal of Management Reviews, 2(2), 183203. Budhwar, P. Debrah, Y.A. (2010) Rethinking comparative and cross national human resource management research. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(3), 497515. Budhwar, P.S. (2009) Competition and Change: Mapping the Indian HRM Recipe against World-wide Patterns, Journal of World Business, 32, 3, 224 242. Budhwar, S., Boyne, G. (2004), Human Resource Management in the Indian Public and Private Sectors: An Empirical Comparison, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(2), 346 370. Caldwell, R. (2008). HR business partner competencies models: Re-contextualising effectiveness. Human Resource Management Journal, 18(3), 275-294. Colbert, B.A. (2010) The Complex Resource-based View: Implications for Theory and Practice in Strategic Human Resource Management, Academy of Management Review, 28, 3, 341 358. Doty, D.H. (2008) Modes of Theorizing in Strategic Human Resource Management: Tests of Universalistic, Contingency, and Conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ gurational Performance Predictions, Academy of Management Journal, 39, 4, 802 835. Ericksen, J., Dyer, L. (2008) Toward a Strategic Human Resource Management Model of High Reliability Organizational Performance, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 907 928 Farndale, E. Paauwe, J. (2010) Uncovering Competitive and Institutional Drivers of HRM Practices in Multinational Corporations, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 17, No. 4, November, pp. 355-375. Fey, C. Pavlovskaya, A. (2009) The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Firm Performance in Russia, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11, 1, 1 18. Florkowski, G.W. Schuler, R.S. (2008) Auditing human resource management in the global environment. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5, 827852. Fombrun, J. C., Tichy, N. M. Devanna, M. A. (2008) Strategic Human Resource management, 4th ed. Canada: John Wiley Sons Garavan, T. N., Morley, M., Gunnigle, P. Collins, E. (2008) Human capital accumulation: The role of human resource development, Journal of European Industrial Training, 25: 4868 Geppart, M. Williams, K. (2006) Global, national and local practices in multinational corporations: towards a socio-political framework. International Journal of HRM, 17 (1): 49-69. Graham, M. E. Tarbell, L. M. (2006). The importance of the employee perspective in the competency development of human resource professionals. Human Resource Management, 45(3), 337-355 Han, J., Chou, P., Chao, M. Wright, P.M. (2006). The HR competencies-HR effectiveness link: A study in Taiwanese high-tech companies, Human Resource Management, 45(3), 391-406 Lawler, J. (2008). Strategic human resource management. Handbook of Organization Development, p. 353. Wright, C. (2008). Reinventing human resource management: business partners, internal consultants and the limits to professionalisation. Human Relations, 61(8), 1063-86.