Communication Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Communication Technology - Essay Example The meaning of the word â€Å"communication† is at once both clear and obscure. It is clear enough in conventional usage, but obscure when we seek to determine the limits of its application. To illustrate, if someone talks to another and common understanding results (indicated by mutually satisfactory action), we have no qualms about saying that communication has occurred. If, however, misunderstanding results (indicated by mutually unsatisfactory action), we are uncertain whether we should say that there has been poor, or no, communication. (David, Kenneth,1970:15). Definitions of â€Å"communication† fall into two broad categories. In one category are those definitions which limit the process of communication to those stimulus-response situations in which one deliberately transmits stimuli to evoke a response. In the other category are those definitions that include within the area of communication stimulus-response situations in which there need not be any intention of evoking a response in the transmission of the stimuli. The second category obviously overlaps the first. (David, Kenneth,1970:16) Mathematical Model of Communication: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver published a model; the model uses boxes and arrows to represent the communication process. However, the model is a little bit complex. Box-and-arrow models of communication: This model breaks the communication stream into components i.e. sender, message, and receiver and the direction of influence. In the diagram below arrows go from left to right, that is, from a sender to a receiver, the idea is that it is the sender who, through messages or speeches, brings about communication influences on the receiver. Group Communication Model: This model emphasizes communication within an organization i.e. the flow of messages between two individuals or within a group of people.

Current Issues Forums Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Current Issues Forums Tourism - Essay Example Additionally, operators slashed prices with an aim of attracting customers. Take note that domestic tourism accounts for 75% of total industry revenue. In 2010-11, domestic tourism nights are anticipated to grow up to 256 million after three years of decline (Pambudi, 2009). During the financial crisis the globe experienced the worst economic performance. Australia’s economy was equally affected. The Conditions were changing quickly and expectations were deteriorating rapidly. It should be noted that tourism spending fell more than consumer spending on average. There was a cocooning effect with both international and Australian tourists less not willing to travel to destinations far from home (Ramis Corporation, 1995). These impacts were observed in Qantas’ profit downgrade, which led to large staff decrease and reduced capacity. Internationally the key business, conference and holiday tourism markets which are the backbone of tourism industry performance declined. It can be remembered that January and February 2009, the number of visitors arriving in Australia for business dropped by 16.5 per cent and conference visitor numbers fell by 28.7 per cent. This had a negative impact on economy. But it is important to note the economy is gradual growing after the crisis. There is a positive index of economic growth. Take for example the previous year international visitors injected around $25 billion in to the Australian economy and this would benefit everyone. Also it provides valuable employment to around half a million of the Australians (Peisley, 1992). During the crisis the tourism industry was negatively impacted and this affected the technology sector. It was observed that many small to medium technology firms are drivers of productivity for majority of sectors including the tourism. This crisis affected technology and there were fears of small firms closing due loss of Commercial Ready and the difficulty of securing

Impact of Spanish Civil War on Surrealism Art

Impact of Spanish Civil War on Surrealism Art   This investigation assesses the significance of surrealist artists responses to the Spanish Civil War and how the experiences of the horrific event were documented visually. In order to evaluate such significance, this investigation examines the impact the events the war had on surrealist art in Spain, through the use of primary recounts of the wars impact on art and visual art history, mostly focusing on works by Salvador Dalà ­ and Pablo Picasso who became world renowned for their contribution. The Spanish Civil War broke out in the summer of 1936, as did the revolution within surrealist art. It was an event that did not just affect people locally, but on an international scale. Although, European art in general was impacted by the war, this investigation will not examine the effect the war had on continental surrealism, thus will only focus on Spanish artists and their work. As the leading artists in this movement were the Spanish born artists Picasso and Dali, they will be the central focus. Two of the sources used in this essay will assess are Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War by Robin Adà ¨le Greenley and The Secret Life of Salvador Dalà ­ by Salvador Dalà ­ will be evaluated for their origins, purposes, values and limitations. This investigation does not assess the difference in ideologies (Republicanism versus Nationalism) tearing apart Spain, nor does it assess other surrealist art movements in literature, philosophy, film, architecture or music. Background on the Spanish Civil War The summer of 1936 marked the beginning of a landmark event within modern European history: the Spanish Civil War, inviting with it a three-year tumultuous period of terror, destruction and persecution, shattering the nation. Its deep rooting ideological confrontations resulted in the intense commitment of all its participants and the loss of over half a million Spanish lives acted as a stimulus to the various international surrealist movements of the time, inspiring artists of all cultures. The creative energy focused on portraying political ideologies and illusions, the social idealisms and the military take on modern warfare, documenting the hopes and despair of the participants in this Kafkaesque war. The fall of the crumbling Spanish Monarchy and the dissatisfying Second Republic, and the electoral success of the leftist Popular Front, a rebellion against the newly elected government erupted. The Falange or the Nationalists, lead by General Franco, conducted a nationwide revolt, alongside General Mola. They managed to seize the key cities in Northern Spain, including Madrid. The Catalan and Basque country, both known for their persistent separatist movement, anarchism and socialism, unsurprisingly sided and remained loyal to the Republic. This politically polarized Spain, dividing the country into the Nationalist and Republicans. Mostly socialists, separatists, artists and intellectuals sided with Republicans. Franco wanted to follow Mussolinis example and establish a secular conservative regime and was supported mostly by the conservatives, the military, the royalists and the Clergy. Even though the Church and the Falange experienced some friction, they continued to remain in their marriage of convince because the Republic was seen as antidisestablishmentarian and lethally temporal. The Nationalists rose against the electoral Popular Front government and finally over threw it. The interferences from external powers such as Germany and the Soviet Union dragged out the war and worsened the conflict. Horrific events which paralyzed the country, such as the annihilation of the Basque country by the German Luftwaffes Blitzkrieg, served as inspiration which sparked the notion of a world exhibition in France, in 1937. The section dedicated to Spain was known was the Pavilion. Many artists, such as Dali, Picasso and Renau were asked to participate; each created a response to the many atrocities which occurred in the past year of the war. It was the first exhibition of its kind, prompting propaganda from countries such as Spain. Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War Surrealism, with no exact definition due to its ambiguous nature, is known for imaginative eccentricity and became a major movement in the late 1920s and throughout 1930s Europe; mostly in places like Germany and Spain. The twisted yet fantastic reality which surrealism creates is seen as an escape from the actual reality. Surrealist artist art is considered to be closely connected with Freudian psychological analysis, claiming that such warped art is an insight into a deeper psyche. The surrealist works of the Andalusian painters Dalà ­ and Picasso (amongst others) became signatures of the satirical content of the war, acting as world informants of the paralyzing happenings within the country. Although both artists had very different notions of surrealism, both artists depict the war in a grotesque, incomprehensible, violent and audacious manner which reflected the Civil War in all its accuracy. It can be concluded that the war distorted many perspectives of reality. Traditional elements of surrealism stemmed from the Dadaism movement and were subjected to metamorphosis by many artists who incorporated components from cubism, impressionism, Enlightenment and post impressionism as well as various other movements. In its purest form, surrealism had little or no affect on the civil war, in fact, prior to the war, it was much more submissive and discerning. However, the introduction of war perverted the movement in Spain most notably by Dalà ­s Autumn Cannibalism (1936) (fig. 2) and Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War (July, 1936) (fig. 1) and Picassos Guernika (1937) (fig. 3). Such works were considered a mutation and mockery of works of artists from previous movements like El Greco whose work was considered contemporary for his time. The Spanish surrealist art culture became a symbol of the Spanish Civil War as well as its leftist orientation and the Republic. This demonstrated the highly interlinked nature of political and cultural developments in 1930s Spain. Architects, like Alphonse Laurencic, drew inspiration from the twisted works of Dali, Kandinsky and Klee among others to invent a form of psychotechnic torture found in the mind-bending prison-cells and torture chambers of Barcelona and elsewhere, built in 1938. Jose Millicua suggested that through the use of the psychological properties of colors and geometric abstraction found in these works, Laurencic created a hell that would physically distort and mentally disturb the victim connecting the growing art culture with the growing militaristic government. Section C Evaluation of Sources [400w] Surrealism and the Spanish Civil War was written by Robin Adà ¨le Greenley, a respected art historian, currently Latin American Studies professor at the Connecticut University. The book, published in 2006 by Yale University Press, New Haven, is a critical interpretation of Surrealist art works by five artists, including, Dali and Picasso. The purpose of Greenleys work is an attempt to unravel the correspondence between aesthetics and politics during the Spanish Civil War and focuses on surrealist aspects of the war, how they differed and were affected by the intense struggle plaguing the country. The value of the book is that there is a clear study of the correlation between the art and the events which took place. It is a secondary source, designed mainly for the purpose of educating. Greenley intimately analyzes how artistic practice offers unique insight into the cataclysmic debacle of war. The limitation of the book from a historical perspective are the existence of some peculia rities in relation to its subject because she examines the surrealist artists and their work immaculately, but fails to draw strong parallels between the political situation of the time and the drastic change of the movement. Her work, although useful, is mostly suited for contemporary aesthetics and critical theory. The Secret Life of Salvador Dalà ­ was written by Salvador Dali (published in 1942 in its original French, then in 2000, translated into English by Haakon M. Chevalier). The purpose of this source is a memoire, allowing an inside scope to Dalis life. The sources value is that it is a direct account from the leading artist of the Surrealist movement, providing the historian with a unique and personal insight as how the war impacted him and his work. Dali is considered one of the few misunderstood artists of his time and here the idea that his genius saves him from chaos allows us to understand him more. The book allows a deeper understanding of the awesome painter. It is a primary source and therefore is subjected to personal prejudice. Taking into account that the source is a personal memoire, Dali has grandiose his life and placed a very positive theme to everything he did with is ingenious use of words. This highlights the limitations of the source. However, he acknowledges some o f this over-the-top heroism on his part in the central chapters of his prose as false memories. The memoir written only three years after the war, and passions were still running high in Spain while many people were trying to exonerate themselves from the general violence and anarchy. Section D Analysis [650w] Both the civil war and the surrealist art movement are closely connected and referred to by Greenley, as the publics awakening of politics and pictures in the politically polarized Spain. It is an accurate description of the relationship between the cultural and political aspects of the war, pointing out how closely connected the two were, although they are often treated as two separate issues within the 1930s. Common Themes in Surrealist Art Spains political polarization was that of artistic polarization too. The Spanish artistic culture were more than just a visual voice of the wars terrors; they took a more proactive role within the war, thus recording and commenting on the accounts of the petrifying events from a firsthand perspective. The perversion of the surrealist art movement was done in a manner that possibly was perfectly collaborated between all artists. There is no evidence that suggests this, however. The idea of the body as a political metaphor for the country, the people, the artist, for the audience to relate to was simply a trend that caught on. The lewd art united the people, it was not only those who were suffering on Spanish soils, but those who had suffered from the previous war and the various other struggles that were happening concurrently or had passed recently. The surrealistic art evolved and functioned in ways that one can relate his stylistic consistencies to his wild political swings Both Gr eenley and Dalà ­ agree that that surrealism is the portrayal horrific metaphor for the physical annihilation of life. Prevalent abstract portrayal in surrealist works Fundamental components which make up work such as that of Dalà ­ and Picasso were considered contemporary, even for surrealism and, to some extent, were frowned upon and considered the assassination of painting. These innovative elements found in surrealism seemed to pervert the movement making reality more abhorrent and unnatural, but at the same time it acted as an escape from the living nightmares of their reality allowing life to have a more satirical texture to it. Things such as disembodied humans, genitals, death, destruction, furniture and foods even references to religion and Catholicism became the norm in surrealist works represented the supple irony of the artists lives as well as that of the people; they were painting from their perspective of a war that created a reality for the world that was so obscene, it could not be captured any other way Spains political polarization was that of artistic polarization too. The Spanish artistic culture were more than just a visual voice of the wars terrors; they took a more proactive role within the war, thus recording and commenting on the accounts of the petrifying events from a firsthand perspective. The perversion of the surrealist art movement was done in a manner that possibly was perfectly collaborated between all artists. There is no evidence that suggests this, however. The idea of the body as a political metaphor for the country, the people, the artist, for the audience to relate to was simply a trend that caught on. The lewd art united the people, it was not only those who were suffering on Spanish soils, but those who had suffered from the previous war and the various other struggles that were happening concurrently or had passed recently. The surrealistic art evolved and functioned in ways that one can relate his stylistic consistencies to his wild political swings Both Gr eenley and Dalà ­ agree that that surrealism is the portrayal horrific metaphor for the physical annihilation of life. Use of media Elements of Spanish Surrealism became mostly to do with fascism in a farcical, perverse form of display, causing a ruin of surrealism. This was mostly Dalis movement, joined with other surrealists like Rene Magritte and Max Ernst. Dali, in particular, served as the main revolutionary artist to this complex way of painting. The constant elements of his works were things he found some sort of fascination in as a child such as food, death, the idea of sexuality, the human anatomy, insects, a crutch, and various other strange items which he later turned into a satirical, metaphorical component for his work. The idea of the body as a political metaphor became a fast trend throughout Surrealists work. The body came to represent many concepts of the happenings within their lives. It was a metaphor for the artists body, a body wounded by war and its ritualized combat, personal strife of civilians and artists, of politicized or sexualized body, an indicator of unconscious desires as well as body mechanisms acting as a transgression of avant-garde within the social context. It was created in a fashion as a universal component; anyone and everyone could relate to the art effortlessly. Picassos Guernika (1937) utilized these aspects to create an unconscious conception of war, where the strong prey on the weak as a response to the Pavilion,capturing the violence and the disruptive nature of the confusion of private sexuality. It was a symbol of Guernicas struggle and suffering after its violation by the German Blitzkrieg attack. Dalis Autumn Cannibalism (1936) also took into consideration these components, as well as his signature elements to represent the Kafkaesque idea of the war with a more ironic twist than Picassos art. Dalis work making mockery of bourgeoisie and the subtle grotesque manner in which this war is carried out, an element of sadomasochistic aggression between the two faceless, closely entwined figures that have an almost parasitic feel to them, turning a seemingly amorous kiss into a fatal, inescapable trap; underlining the murderous violence depicted. Artists social and political issues in their work A majority of the art responses to the war were surrealist, proving an obvious correlation between the two events. The war had an overwhelming impact of the surrealist art movement inspiring artists such as Dalà ­ and Picasso throughout Spain. Section E Conclusion [200w] It is evident the Spanish Civil War had an impact on the surrealist visual art movement and altered, significantly, the ways in which the movement was captured. The fundamental elements and secondary components that such works were composed of obtained many satirical and metaphorical characteristics which were impacted very much by the war. Previously, the image of the body as a perverse form of political metaphor was not thought of and therefore rarely appeared in surrealist paintings for the mutation of the body was seen as sacrilegious, and in doing so, the already worrying contemporary art became aesthetically tormenting The perverse maturity of the images from artists such as Dalà ­ and Picasso have been used as ideal examples of this epic movement which altered not only the way people saw their reality but the global ideal of art and art history. The Spanish Civil War did impact surrealist visual art in Spain by forcing the elements of the work not only more uniform among the artists but changed them to represent something more than the war in their minds.

Feedback Stress: Does Auditory Feedback Negatively Affect Performance o

The Stroop Effect In his historic study, Stroop found that reading names of colors interfered with individuals’ ability to name the ink color the word was printed in when the two differed (i.e., the word â€Å"BLUE† written in red ink) (1935). However, the basis of this phenomenon can be traced back to Cattell who found that naming colors and pictures took twice as long to accomplish than reading the word these colors or pictures represented (1886). He concluded that this was due to reading being an automatic process while identifying colors or pictures requires a conscious effort (Cattell, 1886). MacLeod (1991) reflects that it was Cattell’s work which strongly influenced future psychologist including Stroop. In his experiment, Stroop investigated how the reaction time to name colors increased when it conflicted with the automatic process of reading. He broke down his experiment into three parts. In the first, he tested how reading the name of a color printed in a different ink color (i.e., BLUE) differed from reading the name of a color printed in black ink (i.e., BLUE). The difference between the name of the color and the ink color it was printed in caused a slight interference resulting in an increased reaction time of 2.3 seconds (Stroop, 1935). In the second part of his experiment, Stroop (1935) looked at reaction time differences between naming the color of solid blocks (i.e., ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"  ) versus naming the color of the ink not the name of the color (i.e., responding â€Å"RED† for BLUE). He found that participants required 74% more time to name the color of the ink when it did not agree with the name of the color (Stroop, 1935). Stroop concluded that it was the interference between the automatic process of reading the na... ...a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254-284. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254 MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop Effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109(2), 163-203. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163 Richards, A., French, C. C., Johnson, W. Naparstek, J., & Williams, J. (1992). Effects of mood manipulation and anxiety on performance of an emotional Stroop task. British Journal of Psychology, 83(4), 479-491. Shor, R. E. (1975). An auditory analog of the Stroop test. Journal of General Psychology, 93(2), 281-288. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662. Thorndike, E. L. (1913). Educational psychology, volume ii: The psychology of learning. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University.

Describe The World Economies In The Past 30 Years

Q1: Describe the shifts in the world economy over the last 30 years. What are the implications of these shifts for international businesses based in Britain, North America, and Hong Kong? Over the last 30 years the integration of global markets along with the accessibility of international products and services has grown exponentially. The overall affect of this globalization has yet to be realized, but in the short term for the middle and lower class echelon of thee fore mentioned economies, globalization has been devastating.In the first few pages of Chapter 1 â€Å"International Business (Competing in the Global Marketplace)† an example is given referencing the necessity for international healthcare due to the rising cost and inaccessibility to quality healthcare in the United States. The most interesting part of this example to me was the following statement. â€Å"Some insurance companies are starting to experiment with payment for foreign treatment at internationally ac credited hospitals†.(Hill, 2011) Initially I found this statement comforting in the fact that insurance companies were thinking outside of a microeconomic healthcare model in order to better serve the people that they insure. On a larger scale this statement is disconcerting. It is disconcerting in the fact that everything associated in our healthcare system from equipment supply to the education and utilization of our medical professionals is either being mismanaged or financial gouged by government and the private market. As a result of the gauging, like any other business cheaper goods and services are being sought out elsewhere.It is astounding that it is cheaper to fly to another country and have a major surgical procedure performed at a quarter of the cost then it would be if performed in the United States. â€Å"Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. † (Hill, 2011) My concern is what does an interdependent wor ld economy mean for the micro economies of each participating nation. Larger corporations clearly have an advantage and need for globalization from a profitable standpoint, but it is not justcorporations who have something to loose or gain from globalization. The Globalization of markets from a trade perspective is great thing for consumers. The globalization of production is a bad thing for most major industrialized nations. By globalizing markets and trade people are allowed to experience and purchase a multitude of goods and services that would otherwise be unknown on an international scale. Globalization also allows companies to tap into foreign markets a lot easier. At the same time, globalization of production hurts each countries job market in some form.For example outsourcing-manufacturing production from the United States to countries that have a cheap labor force and fewer restrictions hurts the American workforce. In contrast countries that allow an influx of manufacturin g from foreign countries become dependent upon those companies much like a drug user becomes dependent on a drug. When those companies leave for whatever reason the aftermath can be disastrous. A good example of this is the Malaysian market. â€Å"Manufacturing industry is an important engine of economic growth for the Malaysian economy. In 1987, it contributed 19. 8% of the gross domestic product (GDP).That contribution increased to 24. 6% in 1990 and 44. 8% per cent in 2001. † (Tsen, 2005) Since foreign product manufacturing became such a huge part of Malaysia’s GDP they are subjugated to the changes in the micro economies in which the manufacturing corporations are dependent upon for sales. Most of the companies that the Malaysian manufacturing job market were subject to the micro economy of the United States of America. In 2008 a global financial crisis began to take shape and as a result the American consumer market infrastructure began too fail. As a result of th ese failing the Malaysian manufacturing market started to dissipate.This dissipation is reflected in the importation and exportation of goods from Malaysia. The ADBI Institute stated in a working paper by Shankaran Nambiar â€Å"Malaysia and the Global Crisis: Impact, Response, and Rebalancing Strategies†. â€Å"Two economic indicators that show the impact of the current crisis are exports and the industrial production index. Export figures, which were doing well in the first three quarters of 2008, took a downturn towards the end of that year (Figure 3). In January 2008, exports increased by 10. 4% (year-on-year), and more–or-less doubled to 20. 9% in April 2008.However, in October 2008, a negative figure was reported (-2. 6%), only to decline more deeply as the months progressed. In December 2008 a decline was registered (-14. 9%), which worsened in January 2009 (-27. 8%). Imports, which tend to follow export trends rather closely in Malaysia, reported a similar pat tern. Imports increased by about 11% (year-on-year) in February 2008 and exceeded 10% in the months of June and July 2008 (12. 5% and 15. 0%, respectively).Again, the change in imports fell into negative territory from October 2008, falling from -5. 3% in that month to -23.1% in December 2008 and dropping to -32. 0% in January 2009. † (Nambiar, 2009) This huge drop in GDP production was a direct result of the Malaysian economy being a slave to the foreign marketplace, particularly the United States. The financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 directly rivaled the Great Depression of the 1930’s, even more so because it became a Global Financial Crises. It was just not the United States. It was Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, and Japan. All of these countries are tied together economically and therefore are subject to the validity of the consumer marketplace micro and macro economically.Britain, North America, and Hong Kong are tied together economically because of Globa lization each other economy are become more dependent on one another. If one economy begins to falter for whatever reason, the effects are felt globally. Globalization brings along a new level of responsibility and morality, a level that must transcend ethnic, religious, and cultural barriers and focus solely on the stability of their micro economies, with an emphasis on macro economical growth. Globalization is a balancing act that governments and corporations must manage responsibly or financial disaster will most likely ensue.

Alcohol Is the Worst Drug in the United States

Alcohol is the Most Dangerous Drug in the United States Alcohol is more harmful than any other drug. Despite this fact, alcohol is still legal in the United States. There are many types of illegal drugs that are well known for their harmful consequences to humans but it is, in fact, alcohol that causes more harm than all of the illegal substances. A 2010 study by the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs ranked alcohol as â€Å"most harmful† drug on a list of 20 drugs. Alcohol ranked higher than crack and heroin when the potential harm to individuals and others was examined. Alcohol causes physical, psychological and social problems.Alcohol is a depressant that affects every part of the human body. Alcohol affects the part of the brain that controls coordination, memory, judgment and decision-making. Each year, more than 5,000 people under the age of 21 die from underage drinking. Another 1,900 die from car accidents. And still more people die from alcohol-related homicide s, suicides and other alcohol-induced accidents. Alcohol costs the U. S. over 184. 6 billion dollars in 1998, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This cost was more than the estimated cost of all other illegal substances put together-$143. billion-during 1998. Although alcohol has been dubbed the most harmful drug, it is not the drug that does the most harm to an individual. In fact, alcohol earned this dubious honor because of the effect that alcohol has on the people around the alcoholic. Herion, crack cocain and metamfetamine are much more harmful to a person’s body than alcohol is. In a later study in the British Medical Journal, alcohol was found to be the fourth most dangerous drug after heroin, crack and crystal meth. This same study deemed alcohol to be the second most dangerous drug to society.Some people say that alcohol should be banned. Despite the overwhelming evidence that alchol is very bad for indivduals and their loved ones, a lcohol remains legal in the U. S. During the 1920’s the US banned alcohol during a time called Prohibition. This policy is considered to have been a failure because it lead to more organized crime, increased alcoholics and negatively impacted the economy. Alcohol continues to be advertised on television and radio, apparently enticing people to continue to buy and drink alchol. Alcohol will always be legal. Alcohol is a big part of our American culture.It is embraced and celebrated by people of all ages every day. Our country is not prepared to make the consumption of alcohol illegal. Doing so would clog the court systems, lead to corruption of officials and cripple the U. S. econmy due to the lost tax money generated by the sale of alcohol. People do need to be educated on the dangers of alcohol so each person can make the best decision for themselves and their family, which would be to avoid alcohol alcohol all together. References Alaraki, M. (2010). Alcohol is society†™s most dangerous drug. Retrieved from http://www. dailyfinance. om/2010/11/01/alcohol-is-societys-most-dangerous-drug/ Nutt, D. J. , (2010). Drugs harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis. The Lancet 376(9752), 1558-1565. Doi: 10. 1016/50140-6736(10)61462-6 Grohol, J. M. (2010). Alcohol the Most Dangerous Drug? Probably not. Retrieved from http://psychcentral. com/blog/archives/2010/11/01/alcohol-the-most-dangerous-drug-probably-not/ Neurobonnkers. (2012). The largest ever study in to drug harms places alcohol in the top four. Retrieved from http://neurobonkers. com/2012/08/06/the-largest-ever-study-in-to-drug-harms-places-alcohol-in-the-top-four/